1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!ENTITY % aptent SYSTEM "apt.ent"> %aptent;
<!ENTITY % aptverbatiment SYSTEM "apt-verbatim.ent"> %aptverbatiment;
<!ENTITY % aptvendor SYSTEM "apt-vendor.ent"> %aptvendor;
]>
<refentry>
<refentryinfo>
&apt-author.jgunthorpe;
&apt-author.team;
&apt-email;
&apt-product;
<!-- The last update date -->
<date>2020-05-06T00:00:00Z</date>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>apt-key</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="manual">APT</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<!-- Man page title -->
<refnamediv>
<refname>apt-key</refname>
<refpurpose>Deprecated APT key management utility</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
&synopsis-command-apt-key;
<refsect1><title>Description</title>
<para>
<command>apt-key</command> is used to manage the list of keys used
by apt to authenticate packages. Packages which have been
authenticated using these keys will be considered trusted.
</para>
<para>
Use of <command>apt-key</command> is deprecated, except for the use of
<command>apt-key del</command> in maintainer scripts to remove existing
keys from the main keyring.
If such usage of <command>apt-key</command> is desired the additional
installation of the GNU Privacy Guard suite (packaged in
<package>gnupg</package>) is required.
</para>
<para>
apt-key(8) will last be available in Debian 11 and Ubuntu 22.04.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Supported keyring files</title>
<para>apt-key supports only the binary OpenPGP format (also known as "GPG key
public ring") in files with the "<literal>gpg</literal>" extension, not
the keybox database format introduced in newer &gpg; versions as default
for keyring files. Binary keyring files intended to be used with any apt
version should therefore always be created with <command>gpg --export</command>.
</para>
<para>Alternatively, if all systems which should be using the created keyring
have at least apt version >= 1.4 installed, you can use the ASCII armored
format with the "<literal>asc</literal>" extension instead which can be
created with <command>gpg --armor --export</command>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><option>add</option> <option>&synopsis-param-filename;</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Add a new key to the list of trusted keys.
The key is read from the filename given with the parameter
&synopsis-param-filename; or if the filename is <literal>-</literal>
from standard input.
</para>
<para>
It is critical that keys added manually via <command>apt-key</command> are
verified to belong to the owner of the repositories they claim to be for
otherwise the &apt-secure; infrastructure is completely undermined.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: Instead of using this command a keyring
should be placed directly in the <filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename>
directory with a descriptive name and either "<literal>gpg</literal>" or
"<literal>asc</literal>" as file extension.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>del</option> <option>&synopsis-param-keyid;</option> (mostly deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Remove a key from the list of trusted keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>export</option> <option>&synopsis-param-keyid;</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Output the key &synopsis-param-keyid; to standard output.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>exportall</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Output all trusted keys to standard output.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>list</option>, <option>finger</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
List trusted keys with fingerprints.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>adv</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Pass advanced options to gpg. With <command>adv --recv-key</command> you
can e.g. download key from keyservers directly into the trusted set of
keys. Note that there are <emphasis>no</emphasis> checks performed, so it is
easy to completely undermine the &apt-secure; infrastructure if used without
care.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>update</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Update the local keyring with the archive keyring and remove from
the local keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid.
The archive keyring is shipped in the <literal>archive-keyring</literal> package of your
distribution, e.g. the &keyring-package; package in &keyring-distro;.
</para>
<para>
Note that a distribution does not need to and in fact should not use
this command any longer and instead ship keyring files in the
<filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/</filename> directory directly as this
avoids a dependency on <package>gnupg</package> and it is easier to manage
keys by simply adding and removing files for maintainers and users alike.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry><term><option>net-update</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Perform an update working similarly to the <command>update</command> command above,
but get the archive keyring from a URI instead and validate it against a master key.
This requires an installed &wget; and an APT build configured to have
a server to fetch from and a master keyring to validate.
APT in Debian does not support this command, relying on
<command>update</command> instead, but Ubuntu's APT does.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Options</title>
<para>Note that options need to be defined before the commands described in the previous section.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry><term><option>--keyring</option> <option>&synopsis-param-filename;</option> (deprecated)</term>
<listitem><para>With this option it is possible to specify a particular keyring
file the command should operate on. The default is that a command is executed
on the <filename>trusted.gpg</filename> file as well as on all parts in the
<filename>trusted.gpg.d</filename> directory, though <filename>trusted.gpg</filename>
is the primary keyring which means that e.g. new keys are added to this one.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Deprecation</title>
<para>Except for using <command>apt-key del</command> in maintainer scripts, the use of <command>apt-key</command> is deprecated. This section shows how to replace existing use of <command>apt-key</command>.</para>
<para>If your existing use of <command>apt-key add</command> looks like this:</para>
<para><literal>wget -qO- https://myrepo.example/myrepo.asc | sudo apt-key add -</literal></para>
<para>Then you can directly replace this with (though note the recommendation below):</para>
<para><literal>wget -qO- https://myrepo.example/myrepo.asc | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/myrepo.asc</literal></para>
<para>Make sure to use the "<literal>asc</literal>" extension for ASCII armored
keys and the "<literal>gpg</literal>" extension for the binary OpenPGP
format (also known as "GPG key public ring"). The binary OpenPGP format works
for all apt versions, while the ASCII armored format works for apt version >=
1.4.</para>
<para><emphasis>Recommended:</emphasis> Instead of placing keys into the <filename>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d</filename>
directory, you can place them anywhere on your filesystem by using the
<literal>Signed-By</literal> option in your <literal>sources.list</literal> and
pointing to the filename of the key. See &sources-list; for details.
Since APT 2.4, <filename>/etc/apt/keyrings</filename> is provided as the recommended
location for keys not managed by packages.
When using a deb822-style sources.list, and with apt version >= 2.4, the
<literal>Signed-By</literal> option can also be used to include the full ASCII
armored keyring directly in the <literal>sources.list</literal> without an
additional file.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>Files</title>
<variablelist>
&file-trustedgpg;
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1><title>See Also</title>
<para>
&apt-get;, &apt-secure;
</para>
</refsect1>
&manbugs;
&manauthor;
</refentry>
|
